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Electronics Tutorial for Beginners
ABC of Electronics Offering free comprehensive basic
electronics tutorial. In this Electronics Tutorial we
have explained the basic electronic concepts. Here you
can find 8051 Tutorials & 555 Timer Tutorials which are
commonly used in electronics.
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Microprocessor
Basics
Microprocessor
is a microcomputer on a single chip. A microprocessor are of
various types such as 20 pin microprocessor or a 40 pin
microprocessor. A microprocessor is a programmable digital
electronic component that incorporates the functions of a
central processing unit (CPU) on a single semi conducting
integrated circuit (IC). Advanced Microprocessors can be said
as Microcontrollers like we have
8051 and
8052.
The
microprocessor was formed by minimizing the word size of the
CPU from 32 bits to 4 bits, so that the transistors of its
logic circuits would come onto a single part. One or more
microprocessors typically works as the CPU in a computer
system, embedded system, or in any handheld device.
The microprocessor handles the logic operations taking place
inside a computer, such as adding such as add a,#10h,
subtracting, and copying. It can be said as an "The integrated
circuit chip" that performs the data processing and controls
the operation of all of the parts of the system.
A general-purpose logic chip is called a microprocessor, and
it processes by executing instructions.
Instruction
set 8085 Microprocessor
MOV
Move
MVI
Move Immediate
LDA
Load Accumulator Directly from Memory
STA
Store Accumulator Directly in Memory
LHLD
Load H & L Registers Directly from Memory
SHLD
Store H & L Registers Directly in Memory
LXI
Load Register Pair with Immediate data
LDAX
Load Accumulator from Address in Register Pair
STAX
Store Accumulator in Address in Register Pair
XCHG
Exchange H & L with D & E
XTHL
Exchange Top of Stack with H & L
ADD Add to Accumulator
ADI
Add Immediate Data to Accumulator
ADC Add to Accumulator Using Carry Flag
ACI
Add Immediate data to Accumulator Using Carry
SUB Subtract from Accumulator
SUI
Subtract Immediate Data from Accumulator
SBB
Subtract from Accumulator Using Borrow (Carry) Flag
SBI
Subtract Immediate from Acc Using Borrow (Carry) Flag
INR
Increment Specified Byte by One
DCR Decrement
Specified Byte by One
INX Increment Register Pair by One
DCX
Decrement Register Pair by One
DAD Double Register Add; Add Content of Register
Pair to H & L Register Pair
ANA
Logical AND with Accumulator
ANI
Logical AND with Accumulator Using Immediate Data
ORA
Logical OR with Accumulator
OR Logical OR with Accumulator Using Immediate
Data
XRA
Exclusive Logical OR with Accumulator
XRI
Exclusive OR Using Immediate Data
JMP Jump
CALL Call
RET Return
Jumps Calls Returns
C CC RC (Carry)
INC CNC RNC (No Carry)
JZ
CZ RZ (Zero)
JNZ
CNZ RNZ (Not Zero)
JP CP RP (Plus)
JM
CM RM (Minus)
JPE
CPE RPE (Parity Even)
JP0 CPO RPO (Parity Odd)
Manufacturers of Microprocessors
AMD,
Analog Devices,
Atmel,
Cypress
,
Fairchild,
Fujitsu,
Hitachi IBM,
Infineon,
Intel,
Intersil,
Microchip,
Mitsubishi,
Motorola,
NXP ,
Renesas,
Samsung,
Signetics,
Toshiba,
TSMC,
UMC,
Winbond,
Zilog |