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Electronics Tutorial

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Electronics Tutorial for Beginners

ABC of Electronics Offering free comprehensive basic electronics tutorial. In this Electronics Tutorial we have explained the basic electronic concepts. Here you can find 8051 Tutorials & 555 Timer Tutorials which are commonly used in electronics. Every effort is made to keep the website up and running smoothly

Microprocessor Basics

MICROPROCESSOR   

Microprocessor is a microcomputer on a single chip. A microprocessor are of various types such as 20 pin microprocessor or a 40 pin microprocessor. A microprocessor is a programmable digital electronic component that incorporates the functions of a central processing unit (CPU) on a single semi conducting integrated circuit (IC). Advanced Microprocessors can be said as Microcontrollers like we have 8051 and 8052. The microprocessor was formed by minimizing the word size of the CPU from 32 bits to 4 bits, so that the transistors of its logic circuits would come onto a single part. One or more microprocessors typically works as the CPU in a computer system, embedded system, or in any handheld device.
The microprocessor handles the logic operations taking place inside a computer, such as adding such as add a,#10h, subtracting, and copying. It can be said as an "The integrated circuit chip" that performs the data processing and controls the operation of all of the parts of the system.
A general-purpose logic chip is called a microprocessor, and it processes by executing instructions.

Instruction set 8085 Microprocessor

MOV           Move

MVI            Move Immediate

LDA            Load Accumulator Directly from Memory

STA             Store Accumulator Directly in Memory

LHLD          Load H & L Registers Directly from Memory

SHLD          Store H & L Registers Directly in Memory

LXI              Load Register Pair with Immediate data

LDAX          Load Accumulator from Address in Register Pair

STAX          Store Accumulator in Address in Register Pair

XCHG          Exchange H & L with D & E

XTHL          Exchange Top of Stack with H & L

ADD           Add to Accumulator

ADI            Add Immediate Data to Accumulator

ADC           Add to Accumulator Using Carry Flag

ACI            Add Immediate data to Accumulator Using Carry

SUB           Subtract from Accumulator

SUI            Subtract Immediate Data from Accumulator

SBB           Subtract from Accumulator Using Borrow (Carry) Flag

SBI           Subtract Immediate from Acc Using Borrow (Carry) Flag

INR           Increment Specified Byte by One

DCR          Decrement Specified Byte by One

INX           Increment Register Pair by One

DCX           Decrement Register Pair by One

DAD           Double Register Add; Add Content of Register

                    Pair to H & L Register Pair

ANA           Logical AND with Accumulator

ANI            Logical AND with Accumulator Using Immediate Data

ORA           Logical OR with Accumulator

OR              Logical OR with Accumulator Using Immediate Data

XRA            Exclusive Logical OR with Accumulator

XRI             Exclusive OR Using Immediate Data

JMP            Jump

CALL          Call

RET           Return

Jumps      Calls              Returns

 C                CC                   RC      (Carry)

 INC           CNC                 RNC     (No Carry)

 JZ            CZ                     RZ      (Zero)

 JNZ           CNZ                 RNZ     (Not Zero)

 JP            CP                      RP      (Plus)

 JM            CM                  RM      (Minus)

 JPE           CPE                   RPE     (Parity Even)

 JP0           CPO                   RPO     (Parity Odd)

Manufacturers of Microprocessors

AMD,    Analog Devices,    Atmel,    Cypress

, Fairchild,    Fujitsu,   Hitachi    IBM,

 Infineon,     Intel,      Intersil,     Microchip,

 Mitsubishi,      Motorola,      NXP    ,

 Renesas, Samsung,    Signetics,     Toshiba,

  TSMC, UMC,    Winbond,    Zilog

 

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